SPELEOGENETIC HISTORY OF THE HUNGARIAN HYDROTHERMAL KARST

被引:44
作者
DUBLYANSKY, YV
机构
[1] Academy of Sciences of Russia, Siberian Division, Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Novosibirsk, 630090
来源
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY | 1995年 / 25卷 / 01期
关键词
PALEOHYDROGEOLOGY; HYDROTHERMAL KARST; CALCITE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; HUNGARY;
D O I
10.1007/BF01061827
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The hydrothermal karst of Hungary displays at least two principal stages of development in two differing environments. Caves of an early stage were formed within a deep zone of low thermal gradient. These caves (vugs) are small (tens of centimeters) and lined with scalenohedral crystals of calcite that are often in association with barite. Calcite yields fluid inclusion temperatures of 55-95 degrees C and is depleted in O-18 (-11.2 to -17.6 per mil PDB). The caves were formed by ascending thermal waters charged with CO2. Solubility of CaCO3 in such a system gradually increases with the ascent of the fluid (solutional zone) but drops sharply at a depth of -250 m to -500 m below the water surface (depositional zone). Caves formed in the solutional zone may be shifted into the depositional zone due to tectonic uplift, and calcite lines their walls. Large caves (tens to thousands of cubic meters) of a late stage were formed within a shallow zone of high thermal gradient immediately below and above the thermal water table. The calcite of the phreatic crusts has a rhombohedral habit, displays lower fluid inclusion temperatures (35-55 degrees C and less), and a depletion in O-18 of -9.5 to -14.6 per mil PDB. Several powerful cave-forming processes may operate there including convection, mixing/cooling corrosion, and condensation corrosion. Due to differences in the rate of tectonic uplift, rate of hydrothermal system decay, and hydrogeologic pattern, these caves were either filled with water for a long period of time (phreatic calcite crusts are formed) or partly dewatered early in their history (waterline and subaerial speleothems are formed). The zones of thermal cave formation recognized in Hungary may have a universal character. Very similar features are found in other hydrothermal karst areas of the world (Kirghizia, Algeria, South Dakota).
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页码:24 / 35
页数:12
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