PILOT-STUDY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SELECTED PROBLEMS AT 3 UNITED-STATES-DEPARTMENT-OF-ENERGY FACILITIES

Objective and realistic human health risk assessments were performed for environmental problems at the Savannah River Site (SRS), the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP), and the Nevada Test Site (NTS). At the SRS, cancer mortality risks were analyzed for projected public exposures to H-3 and Cs-137 released into the Savannah River. For annual human exposures to SRS tritium in Savannah River water, calculated incremental individual lifetime risks in two human receptor populations were small (8x10(-7); upper 95 percentile point of the distribution). The 95th percentile point of the distribution for incremental individual lifetime risks from one year's exposure to Cs-137 is less than 10(-8). No deaths are expected in either population as a result of exposures to tritium or cesium released to the Savannah River from the SRS. Routine releases of radon and radon progeny from the K-65 silos at FEMP resulted in individual lifetime risks greater than 1x10(-4) only for onsite workers and fenceline residents. Population risks were less than 1.0 for all identified receptor populations. Assessment of risks from exposure to uranium in ground water released by the FEMP predicted no toxic effects for human receptors. All estimated cancer risks were small. The largest predicted no individual lifetime risk was for a well close to the facility (1.3x10(-5)). For the various above-ground shot sites at the NTS, the highest predicted lifetime cancer risks are for a resident farmer, assuming a loss of institutional control, and exceed 1x10(-4) at the 95th cumulative percentile level. At 50 000 and 100 000 y in the future, the predicted cancer risks are all below 10(-6). In the assessment of exposure to radionuclides in ground water at the NTS, for an individual onsite near the site boundary, the geometric mean of the maximum potential excess lifetime risk of cancer mortality for an individual is 7x10(-3). For an individual using water offsite, the geometric mean of the maximum potential excess lifetime risk of cancer mortality is 7x10(-7).