THE STOICS ON THE TEMPERAMENT OF THE BODY AND THE SOUL

This article is concerned with the often neglected physical side of Stoic anthropology. The care for one's soul is central to the Stoic notion of the art of living. Yet a special status is reserved for the human body-in spite of its being subsumed under the class of (preferred) 'indifferents'. This status is explicable by reference to the fact that they regard the soul as a subtle kind of breath (pneuma) and hence as corporeal. As such, it is blended with the human body through and through. Care for the soul therefore involves care for the body. Furthermore, the Stoic view of the human organism entails a special interest in physiognomy. These interrelated aspects are studied against the backdrop of the relevant medical theories used by the Stoics.