Whatever happened to curriculum theory? Critical realism and curriculum change

In the face of what has been characterised by some as a 'crisis' in curriculum - an apparent decline of some aspects of curriculum studies combined with the emergence of new types of national curricula which downgrade knowledge - some writers have been arguing for the use of realist theory to address these issues. This article offers a contribution to this debate, drawing upon critical realism, and especially upon the social theory of Margaret Archer. The article first outlines the supposed crisis in curriculum, before providing an overview of some of the key tenets of critical realism. It concludes by speculating on how critical realism may offer new ways of thinking to inform policy and practice in a key curricular problematic. This is the issue of curriculum change.