CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK FACTORS DIABETES AND DR: RESEARCH HELD IN LAHORE

Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relation of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by examining the glycemic control, mode used for curing, type and duration of DM. Study Type: Cross ectional analysis.Time and Place: Completed the study in the time duration of 06 months started from January,2018 and ended in June, 2018 at Mayo, Hospital Lahore. Methodology and material: Made the selection of total 108 patients by using non-probability, convenient sampling method. Only selected those patients, either found victims of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) also called Type-II and Type-I diabetes. Carried of complete analyses of every patient and collected all previous antiquity information by them. Through glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbAIc) carried out the assessment of Glycaemic-control. Used a pre-designed proforma for the collection of whole data. Performed the analysis of all information by the help of SPSS software V.16. Results: Found Type-I (IDDM) & Type-II (NIDDM) diabetes, after the examination as 30.6% (33) and 69.4% (75) respectively out of total 108 diabetes patients. There were 49.3% (37) women and 54.5% (18) ladies in Type-II and Type-1 groups accordingly. Observed DR in a few patients as < 5 years time period in these two groups which was 15.69% in Type-II and 12.59% in Type-I. Comparison of Type-I & Type-II groups showed that there was DR in 60.61% (20) and 37.29% (28) patients respectively with P-value as less than 0.005. With the time period of more 20 years of diabetes, the Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) raised as 77.69% in Type-II patients with P-value less than 0.02 and 100% in Type-I diabetes patients with P-value as less than 0.001.Found Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)as 53.09% in Type-II cases with oral hypoglycaemics and/or diet therapy and 60.59% in Type-I sufferers who were under the treatment of insulin therapy. Found no sign of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)in any patient of either group who was with HbA1c <7%.Conclusion: Found direct connection of greater level of HbA1c with the growth of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Patients of Type-I diabetes who were under the treatment of insulin therapy for a long period of time were having higher occurrence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) than the patients of Type-II diabetes patients