Biological Complexity

Complexity is often defined in the language of mathematics, computers, or information theory. We examine biological complexity as it occurs in the cytoplasm's relation to nuclear function, and in the case of epigenetics. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the pendulum swings between appreciation of biological holism and complexity, and reductionism. During the second half of the twentieth century, complexity gains a new appreciation and emerges as a field of study in its own right. We propose a description of biological complexity that includes the functional dynamics of the various structural components of biological organisms and their levels of functioning, with the higher levels imposing boundaries on the lower levels. We suggest that this complexity reveals the wisdom of the Creator.