The soil cultivation is much more demanding for energy in the technology of cereal growing. Vajdal (1990) reports that 40 to 50 per cent of fuels is consumed for soil cultivation and Lanca (1990) says that soil cultivation requires 50 to 60 percent of the total volume of the working time within the whole technology of cultivation A polyfactorial field trial was concentrated on the study of the effect of different basic soil cultivation on the yield and physical traits if winter wheat grain, the Livia cultivar, was conducted in thc years 1983 to 1986 on the degraded Chernozem. The research was aimed at: basic soil cultivation: 01 - stubble ploughing to the depth of 0.08 - 0.10 m harrowed and rolled + ploughing to the depth of 0.20 - 0.22 days before seeding, 02 - immediately after forecrop harvest (stubble ploughing omitted) ploughing to 0.20 - 0.22 m, harrowed and rolled; 03 -stubble ploughing to 0.08 - 0.10 m harrowed and rolled + cultivation with disk tiller to the depth ranging from 0.08 - 0.10 m 14 days before seeding; 04 - seeding to untreated soil by the seeding machine Sex BJ - 150; forecrop: P1 - spring barley; P2 - silage maze; P3 - spring barley with subsoiling before basic cultivation. Nitrogen fertilization was applied at a rate 160 kg per 1 ha after spring barley and after silage maize at a rate of 120 kg per 1 ha, applied twice. Phosphorus and potassium were applied on the basic of the content of available nutrients in soil. The results obtained were evaluated through analysis of dispersion - the Tukey test. The factor of soil cultivation was in close correlation with the year and forecrop, as well. The highest average yield 7.53 t per 1 ha (Tab. I) was reached in soil cultivation according to the treatment 02 prior to 01, 03 and 04. The technology with so-called summer tillage (02) was highly significantly the most most efficiently in all three years as far as the yield is concerned. The sequence of particular three technologies in view of yields obtained was varied due to the effect of a forecrop. After spring barley as a forecrop (Tab. II), the highest yield was obtained after medium-deep tillage performed close upon the harvest of forecrop before minimalizing technology (03) and by traditional soil preparation (01). Seeding into uncultivated soil after spring barley as a forecrop was not suitable. The yield of this variant is adversely affected by higher weed infestation and worses water-air soil regime. Subsoiling done before seeding of winter wheat was manifested to be unsuitable from the viewpoint of the yield obtained. Its positive effect should be probably manifested only in subsequent years of growing. Sipos (1972) also recommends the deep intervantion in soil in the growing of winter wheat, about once in four years and in the meantime to cultivate the soil only in shallow way. After spring barley as a forecrop in connection with subsoiling, the classic soil preparation (stubble ploughing + tillage) was found to be the best. It was demonstrated that the combination of stubble ploughing and the subsequent tillage is in view of weed control and water saving in the soil which must be economized after cereal forecrop, is the most advantageous. Silage maize as a forecrop was mom tolerant to various pre-seeding soil preparation. At the same time, it has been confirmed that after maize it is possible to cultivate soil with success in less intensive way to ower depth, eventually to seed into untreated soil. It is in correlation with the result as reported by Simon (1986), who recommends to prepare the soil after maize to winter wheat through minimalizing technologies and partially in discrepancy with the opinion of Kollar (1986) who gives the depth of soil cultivation to the linear correlation with the yield. Physical traits of grain were only insignificantly affected with different basic soil cultivation (Tab. III).
