METHODS TO ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY OF PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells showing promise of a high level of performance have, up to the present time, used electrodes containing a high platinum loading (4 mg/cm2). We report improvements in performance of PEM fuel cells utilizing electrodes with only one-tenth of this platinum loading by (i) extension of the three-dimensional reaction zone by incorporation of a proton conductor (Nafion) into the electrode structure; (ii) optimization of the amount of Nafion impregnated into the electrode structure; (iii) hot-pressing the impregnated electrodes to the Nafion membrane at 120°C and 50 atm; (iv) optimal humidification of reactant gases at a temperature above that of the cell (5°C for O2 or air and 10°-15°C for H2); and (v)operation at elevated temperatures and pressures.