KNOWING WHAT TO THINK BY KNOWING WHO YOU ARE - SELF-CATEGORIZATION AND THE NATURE OF NORM FORMATION, CONFORMITY AND GROUP POLARIZATION

被引:444
作者
ABRAMS, D
WETHERELL, M
COCHRANE, S
HOGG, MA
TURNER, JC
机构
[1] OPEN UNIV,MILTON KEYNES MK7 6AA,BUCKS,ENGLAND
[2] UNIV DUNDEE,DUNDEE DD1 4HN,SCOTLAND
[3] UNIV MELBOURNE,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA
[4] MACQUARIE UNIV,N RYDE,NSW 2113,AUSTRALIA
关键词
D O I
10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
We contrast two theoretical approaches to social influence, one stressing interpersonal dependence, conceptualized as normative and informational influence (Deutsch & Gerard, 1955), and the other stressing group membership, conceptualized as self‐categorization and referent informational influence (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher & Wetherell, 1987). We argue that both social comparisons to reduce uncertainty and the existence of normative pressure to comply depend on perceiving the source of influence as belonging to one's own category. This study tested these two approaches using three influence paradigms. First we demonstrate that, in Sherif's (1936) autokinetic effect paradigm, the impact of confederates on the formation of a norm decreases as their membership of a different category is made more salient to subjects. Second, in the Asch (1956) conformity paradigm, surveillance effectively exerts normative pressure if done by an in‐group but not by an out‐group. In‐group influence decreases and out‐group influence increases when subjects respond privately. Self‐report data indicate that in‐group confederates create more subjective uncertainty than out‐group confederates and public responding seems to increase cohesiveness with in‐group — but decrease it with out‐group — sources of influence. In our third experiment we use the group polarization paradigm (e.g. Burnstein & Vinokur, 1973) to demonstrate that, when categorical differences between two subgroups within a discussion group are made salient, convergence of opinion between the subgroups is inhibited. Taken together the experiments show that self‐categorization can be a crucial determining factor in social influence. 1990 The British Psychological Society
引用
收藏
页码:97 / 119
页数:23
相关论文
共 65 条
[1]   FOCUS OF ATTENTION IN MINIMAL INTERGROUP DISCRIMINATION [J].
ABRAMS, D .
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1985, 24 (FEB) :65-74
[2]  
ABRAMS D, IN PRESS REV EUROPEA, V1
[3]  
Abrams D., 1984, THESIS U KENT CANTER
[4]  
ABRAMS D, IN PRESS SOCIAL PSYC
[5]  
Allen V. L., 1975, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, V8, P1, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60247-6
[6]  
ALLEN VL, 1965, ADV EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V2, P133
[7]   STUDIES OF INDEPENDENCE AND CONFORMITY .1. A MINORITY OF ONE AGAINST A UNANIMOUS MAJORITY [J].
ASCH, SE .
PSYCHOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, 1956, 70 (09) :1-70
[8]  
Asch SE, 1952, SOC PSYCHOL-GERMANY
[9]  
BOCK RD, 1975, MULTIVARIATE STATIST
[10]   IN-GROUP NORMS AND SELF-IDENTITY AS DETERMINANTS OF DISCRIMINATORY BEHAVIOR [J].
BOYANOWSKY, EO ;
ALLEN, VL .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1973, 25 (03) :408-418