Mathematical formulation of Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid performance in jet impingement cooling

Liquid coolant is an important substance often used to lower the temperature of an object. To increase the heat transfer performance of a coolant, metal nanoparticles are introduced into a base fluid such as water, which is then called a nanofluid. A further development is the hybrid nanofluid, in which researchers try to mix two types of metal nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity to further increase the heat transfer performance. In this work, the heat transfer performance of a hybrid nanofluid in delivering heat from a target surface is investigated using a cylindrical single-jet impingement method. A three-dimensional numerical analysis is performed using Ansys FLUENT to investigate the effects of different types of coolants on the heat transfer performance. The coolants used in the simulation were pure water, Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid, Al2O3/water nanofluid, and Cu/water nanofluid with 0.5% volume concentration. The effects of Reynolds number on the heat transfer performance of hybrid nanofluid were presented and discussed in detail. The results showed that hybrid nanofluid has the highest heat transfer performance compared to pure water and single particle nanofluids. At the end of the study, mathematical formulation was developed to describe the correlation between Reynolds number and volume concentration on the average heat transfer coefficient. This will enable the assumption of hybrid nanofluid jet impingement cooling heat transfer performance for future development.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).