MAP OF CIS-ACTING SEQUENCES THAT DETERMINE ALTERNATIVE PRE-MESSENGER-RNA PROCESSING IN THE E3 COMPLEX TRANSCRIPTION UNIT OF ADENOVIRUS

The E3 complex transcription unit of adenovirus encodes four major mRNAs (a, c,f, and h) and two minor (d and e) mRNAs with overlapping exons, alternative splice sites, and two polyadenylation sites, termed E3A (upstream) and E3B (downstream). mRNAs a and d use the E3A polyadenylation site, and mRNAs c, e,f, and h use the E3B site. We have analyzed virus mutants with deletions throughout the E3 region in order to identify cis-acting sequences that function in E3 pre-mRNA processing. The results presented in this report as well as previous results are summarized as follows. (i) Deletions in the first (5') intron at nucleotides (nt) 372 to 768 in E3 had no effect unless they removed the consensus sequence for the nt 372 5' splice site; however, the overall pattern of E3 mRNAs did not change significantly. (ii) Deletions in region I (nt 1441 to 2044) eliminated mRNAs a and c and resulted in corresponding increases in mRNAsf and h; we propose that region I contains sequences that suppress splicing. (iii) Mutations in region II (nt 2161 to 2243) resulted in nearly exclusive synthesis of mRNA f; this phenotype is understood and is discussed. (iv) Changing the AUUAAA component of the E3A poly(A) addition signal to AAUAAA resulted in increased mRNA a levels, suggesting that the E3A poly(A) addition signal is intrinsically inefficient. (v) Deletions in region III (nt 2488 to 3002) decreased mRNA a levels about two- to threefold and specifically increased mRNAf levels; we suggest that region III facilitates use of the E3A polyadenylation site. (vi) Deletions in region IV (nt 2904 to 3251) increased mRNA a levels about two- to threefold; we suggest that region IV may contain sequences that facilitate use of the E3B polyadenylation site. A ma of sequences that determine alternative pre-mRNA processing in region E3 is now nearly complete.