Causes of Bleeding In Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Detected on Endoscopy

Background: Hematemesis is the commonest presenting symptoms in acute conditions and Melena in chronic conditions of UGI bleeding. The earlier said condition is generally appears as a result of bleeding from tract of upper gastrointestinal whereas the proximal site of bleeding cause hematemesis, though right-sided colonic and small bowel lesions can occasionally be responsible. The primary of the study was to assess the causes of upper GI bleeding on endoscopy. Methods: The study design opted for the present research was observational cross section, The exclusion criteria include all patients with severe respiratory disease, Myocardial infection or any other heart disease and sever shocks whereas all the patients of both genders above 18 years of age presenting with melena or hematemesis were included in this study. Firstly the patient was observed through physical examination for detailed history that includes demographic as well as diagnostics like complete blood counts (CBC), serology for hepatitis, ultrasound and bleeding profile. Standard operating procedures (SOP) were followed and practiced for ECG, X-Ray & upper GI endoscopy. Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled for this study. The mean age of the patients was 54 +/- 8.9 with range 18-70. 16(20%) of the patient were in the age category of 18 to 39. Whereas 28(35%) belong to 40-55 and 36(45%) were above and equal 56 years of age. 52(65%) of the patients were male and 28(35%) were females. The male to female ratio is 2:1. The leading cause of the UGI bleeding is varices followed by gastric ulcer in the local population. Conclusion: We may conclude in our study that most of the patients with presenting symptoms of Melena and leading cause of vertices followed by gastric ulcer.