Europe, Democracy, and "Great Politics": On some Basic Issues of Nietzsche's Political Philosophy

A main problem of Nietzsche's political philosophy is the destiny of Earth and politics that is qualifies for this work is great politics. In the European history of the end of 19th century he discovered a "wheel of problems" which is caused by the hastiness of modern economic and political processes. Concerning democracy he shows how human wish and need for safety leave unsolved a big problem how much of military potential in required in democracy. After having displayed rather numerous modern antagonisms and paradoxes (economic and social inequalities, egoism of nations and antisemitism, colonialism etc.) he sees the field of solution in the united Europe, in a commonwealth that will not be only economic union but also a cultural centre. On the basis of historical philosophy and of his knowledge as classical scholar he repeats that it is necessary for Europe to become a One, united in all azimuths, geographical, economic, social, political and cultural. In politics, economy, morality, in the scientific philosophy and even in religions he discovers the presence of nihilism: a wide-spread nihilistic phaenomenon is to take profit and self-interest as the only measure for the estimation of values. Further nihilism in historiography is forgetfulness of historicity that is not willing to understand that it is impossible, that each human and every nation could overcome nationalism and patriotism in the same instant of time. In colonialism and imperialism he remarks an arrogant and haughty relationship of some so called great powers towards other states that is accompanied by the export of European ideals, especially by the export of democracy. Therefore he has conceived a new connection between politics and philosophy which is exactly great politics. The new politics is peace politics, based on the respect of international law. Real peace is possible only in a peace of our political views. Great politics is not governance of the Earth; its concern is also the changing of the human relationship towards the Earth. He is strongly defending common share of Earth that can be fulfilled only on the basis of political polycentrism.