Photon trajectory attributes of an expanding hypersphere

Analytical expressions are derived to characterize the photon trajectory attributes of an expanding hyperspherical Friedmann-Lemaitre framework. The results imply the existence of distortion effects that can significantly impact a local observer's view of distant objects in terms of the object's observed location, distance, size, and time flow in such a framework. The effects of such distortion on cosmological observability, cosmic background radiation, and quasar observations are reviewed. It is demonstrated that the nature of the analytically predicted observed field of view is one that not only satisfies the requirements of the well-known Hubble rule for distance and recession velocity, but also predicts observed redshift values in excess of z = 1. The impact of photon trajectory on observed cosmic background radiation temperature, on the other hand, suggests the need for a z greater than or equal to 11 redshift correction. The derived solution for distortion can also be viewed as logically equivalent to one for the general relativistic local framework space-time curvature caused by the expansion of the hypersphere. The results of this solution are compared with those of a conventional special relativity-based model commonly employed to estimate quasar distance and age. Distance estimates from both solutions are shown to be remarkably close (0 less than or equal to error < 8%). Age estimates, however, although close in value for observed redshift below z = pi/2, tend to diverge strongly for z > pi/2.