Boundary-element approach to calculation of wire antenna parameters in the presence of dissipative halfspace

The corresponding electric field integral equation for an antenna horizontally placed over an imperfectly conducting halfspace is solved by a variant of the boundary-element method originally developed for such operators. Sommerfeld integrals, appearing in the kernel of the integral equation, are evaluated by means of exponential approximations. This approach shows numerous advantages over the usual techniques of solving such an equation, particularly in calculating the input impedance.