Uncontrollable hypertension in the first trimester of pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism; a case report

Spontaneous dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy. Patient is admitted at 9 weeks pregnant due to uncontrollable vomiting and is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. Blood pressure remains high. Study of hypertensive disease and treatment initiated without improvement. Blood tests showed a very high serum calcium and PTH with low phosphoremia. Study is completed with neck ultrasound revealing a lower hypoechoic lesion of the right thyroid lobe suggestive of parathyroid adenoma. Diagnosis of severe hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma was confirmed. It was decided to perform a parathyroidectomy in the second trimester after which a decrease in serum calcium, control blood pressure and other symptoms was found. Although it is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the general population, it is a rare condition in women of childbearing age. Its approximate incidence during pregnancy is 8/10,000. During pregnancy, maternal calcium and phosphorus is transferred to the fetus, which results in suppression of fetal PTH secretion and increased fetal calcitonin values. It is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and risk of nephrolithiasis, hyperemesis, hypertension, high morbidity with increased risk of preeclampsia and kidney disease. In the fetus, there is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation and preterm birth. Among conservative treatment measures, it is recommended to maintain good oral hydration, limit calcium intake and treat associated symptoms. Parathyroidectomy is the definitive treatment and should be performed in the second trimester. (C) 2017 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.