A Study of Neoplastic Lesions of Colorectum in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Intestinal tumors account for a large proportion of all neoplasm. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide, with significant geographical, racial and ethnic variation in its incidence rate and pattern. Aims and Objectives: (1) To study the occurrence of neoplastic lesions of colorectum during a period of 1-year, (2) to evaluate different histopathological types of tumors of colorectum and staging them based on histopathological examination and clinical correlation, (3) to correlate the various neoplastic types of colorectum in relation to age, sex, family history, and dietary habits of the patient, (4) to compare the various histologic types with data available from other parts of India and also western countries. Materials and Methods: The material consist of 120 specimens which consist of resected specimens and biopsies of neoplastic lesions of colorectum received in Department of Histopathology in Gauhati Medical College were analyzed with clinical and gross details and histopathological findings. The duration of study is 1 year from April 2014 to March 2015. Results: Out of 120 specimens received, 61% were resected specimens and 39% were biopsy specimens. Lesions were further divided into benign and malignant lesions. Malignant lesions were a more common than benign lesions. Benign lesions were common in younger age, whereas malignant lesions were commonly seen in the elderly. Age group varies from 4 to 88 years. The majority of cases were seen in the 7th decade of life followed by the 6th decade. Males (66%) were more common affected than females (34%) and male: female ratio was 1.9: 1. Overall, adenocarcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesions. Adenoma was the most common polypoidal lesion. Conclusion: Malignant neoplasm is a more common than benign neoplasm in the colon. The most common neoplastic lesion is the adenocarcinoma of colon.