Voice of occurrences injunction and in the words of Spartan women gender identity

In the Laconian Apophthegms, Plutarch gathers several series of striking sayings uttered by Spartans. The catalog is organized according to several criteria, particularly that between famous and anonymous people, but also that which distinguishes men and women. But the themes of the sayings build an ethos that is not exactly based on the criterion of gender: the words that resonate in the volume define women first of all as mothers, and at the same time define their children exclusively as male soldiers. The form of speech itself is specific: as the example of Gorgo shows, it is stated as an order, ensuring the maintenance of Spartan eunomia and it follows another speech, that of rhetra. The speech, peculiar to Sparta, differs radically from Solon's speech in Athens, where the maxim and the law are discussed among men, excluding mothers and introducing an isegoria absent from Sparta.