Izkhar [Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.)] Wats.: An evidence-based review on its phytochemical aspect and hepatoprotective traditional use in Unani medicine

Background: The therapeutic approach to medicine has witnessed a shift during the last few decades and herbal drugs are now in great demand globally. Valuable research is being carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of herbal drugs, in search of a holistic cure for various ailments. Liver diseases, for instance, are a serious health issue. Available therapeutic options lead to noxious effects and hepatotoxicity. Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats., commonly known as Izkhar, is a well-known drug in Unani medicine for the management of liver ailments. Objective: The review's core aim is to propose the traditional usage of Izkhar for liver disorders, as reported in ancient Unani medicine literature, as well as its scientific confirmation in light of recent studies. Methodology: Critical assessment was carried out on the manuscripts of Unani medicine, like Al Qanoon Fit Tib, Khazain al-Advia, Makhzan al-Advia, Kitab al-Hawi, Muheete Azam, Al-Jami li Mufradat al-Advia wa'l Aghziya, etc. Pharmacological activities of C. martinii related to hepatic disorders were also cited from various research articles and databases, such as Science-Direct, Wiley Online Library and PubMed. Results: The promising benefits of Izkhar were identified in respect to liver diseases. Monoterpenes, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids and other chemical components were discovered during phytochemical analysis. Conclusion: On the basis of scientific studies, it may be concluded that C. martinii has great potential as a safe and effective drug for liver ailments. The identification of several phytoconstituents also substantiates the evidence.