CHARACTERIZATION OF FADR, A GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR OF FATTY-ACID METABOLISM IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI - INTERACTION WITH THE FADB PROMOTER IS PREVENTED BY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACYL COENZYME-AS

The Escherichia coli fadR gene product, FadR, is a multifunctional regulator of fatty acid metabolism. In this work we have purified FadR by a two-step procedure employing two ion-exchange columns. The amino-terminal sequence of the purified protein confirms the sequence of the protein derived from analysis of the DNA sequence (DiRusso, C. C. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 7995-8009) and indicates that the initiating methionine is cleaved from the mature protein. Purified FadR binds to a 326-base pair HaeIII fragment of fadB DNA which carries the fadB promoter. DNase I footprinting localizes the operator to a sequence, 5' ATCTGGTACGACCAGAT3', at + 1 to + 17 nucleotides relative to the start of transcription. Using protein-DNA gel retention assays, we estimate the K(eq) of FadR binding to the fadB operator to be approximately 3 x 10(-10) M. Binding of FadR is specifically inhibited by long chain fatty acyl-CoA compounds. The apparent K(i) values for oleoyl-CoA, palmitoyl-CoA, and palmitoleoyl-CoA are each 5 nM while that of myristoyl-CoA is 250 nM. Decanoyl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and free fatty acids inhibited binding only at concentrations above 1-mu-M.