The recently discovered O(d, d) symmetry of the space of (slowly-varying) cosmological string vacua in d + 1 dimensions is shown to be preserved in the presence of bulk string matter. The existence of 0(d, d) conserved currents allows all the equations of string cosmology to be reduced to first-order differential equations. The perfect-fluid approximation is not invariant under O(d, d) transformations, implying that stringy fluids possess in general a non-vanishing viscosity.