FORMATIONS AND SHADES OF SIKH IDENTITIES IN MODERN ENGLAND

In England, Sikhs are one of the most recognisable ethnic groups which have managed to embrace and explore the potential of the western world whilst maintaining their beliefs and practices within the multicultural and globalised society. This article will present a brief overview of the ideas and formations of identities amongst the first and second generation Sikhs living in England since 1950s and 60s. Historical background will be set by referring to the unique relationship between the UK and Punjab and to the waves of immigration to England which followed the end of British colonial rule. I will then explore the social, cultural and political issues of transition and adaptation of Sikh communities. Using ethnographic and theoretical literature as well as referring to first-hand materials gathered within the community and through on-line resources, I will explore the construction of various models of lifestyle and identities found amongst Sikhs living across England in modern days. A focus will be given to the contrasts between the Punjab-born and UK-born Sikhs' ideas of religious and social identities and to their different expressions.