According to a 1987 monitoring and evaluation (M&E) conference in Pakistan, South Asian M&E efforts have been undermined by organizational confusion, overcentralization, neglect of evaluation, weakness of data, and inadequate training, among other problems. Studies from India, Pakistan, and Nepal, among other South Asian countries, indicate the impact of these problems. In reducing the problems, efforts should be made to make the collection and use of M&E data less threatening, more practical, and more relevant to the intended beneficiaries of development projects. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.