Strategic Energy Planning of Residential Buildings in a Smart City: A System Dynamics Approach

Buildings are the largest urban energy consumers, but their impact can be largely cut back by improving efficiency. Policy-making plays a crucial role in harmonizing national and local incentive schemes. The authors analyse variables related to energy consumption, then propose a simulation model based on System Dynamics applied to a medium-sized Italian city. The model allows the testing of "what-if" scenarios and analysis of the results of implementing energy efficiency policies. Results stress the importance of a holistic view of urban energy processes. Simulation trends provide essential information for the city's future energy and carbon emission profiles, helping policy-makers to achieve their goal.