HUME'S GUILLOTINE AND THEORY OF ACTION IN THE ANALYTICAL AND THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY

The well-known philosophical "Hume's Guillotine" ("is-ought problem") within framework of J. Searl's theory of rationality and early E. Husserls's phenomenology ("Logical Investigations" period) is considered in the article. It is necessary to consider the problem in two stages: 1. J.Searl's interpretation and solving the problem; 2. the possible objection and refutation by phenomenological philosophy. It may be assumed that two ways of interpretation of "is-out problem" are developed in the history of philosophy. The first method suggests that ethics can be constructed on the basis of the facts. Thus the values grow from the facts. The second way asserts the opposite and says that the facts exist separately from the values. The question is can J. Searl's analysis of action satisfy the requirements which makes phenomenology to rationality. J. Searl's theory confirms the bases for normative judgements are created in actual acts of communication. Phenomenology asks a question about the existence of the a priori rules laying in the basis of the rules of the success of social act.