Multicentric Castleman Disease and Kaposi sarcoma: Two HHV8 diseases with different prognosis and treatment A case report and review of literature

Aim: Our aim is to discuss the possibility of the coexistence of multiple diagnoses within the same specimen and not to overlook the less obvious diagnosis, especially if it will affect the prognosis and management of the patient. Background: The role of Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus (KSHV) in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and most cases of Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD) in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been previously described. The coexistence of both KS and MCD is not uncommon but due to the difference in their treatment, our goal is to point out the importance of early detection of possible MCD in patients with KS. Materials and Methods: We describe the H&E and immunohistochemical findings of an inguinal lymph node and the skin of the neck in a patient with cutaneous and lymph node Kaposi sarcoma. Results: HHV8 positive Castleman disease was detected in the same lymph node affected with KS, guiding the clinician to the initiation of the appropriate chemotherapy targeting MCD. Conclusion: High clinical suspension is required in cases of cutaneous and lymph node Kaposi sarcoma with diffuse lymphadenopathy and systemic manifestation for early detection and proper treatment of aggressive and possibly fatal MCD. (C) 2016 Polish AIDS Research Society. Published by Elsevier Sp. zo.o. All rights reserved.