SELECTION AND BEAK-TRIMMING EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR, CANNIBALISM, AND SHORT-TERM PRODUCTION TRAITS IN WHITE LEGHORN PULLETS

Pullets of stocks derived from the North Central Randombred White Leghorn population without selection (C) or selected (S) on family performance when kept with beaks intact in multiple-hen cages were compared. Pullets had intact, one-fourth, or one-half of the beak removed (IN, 1/4R, and 1/2R, respectively). No stock differences were detected for behavior traits or other measures during the rearing period. However, beak-trimmed pullets were more inactive and feeding behavior was depressed in 1/2R pullets 1 wk after beak trimming. At 16 wk, 1/4R pullets' beaks had regrown but 1/2R pullets' beaks continued to be shorter than IN pullets' beaks. No differences in fearfulness were found between genetic stocks or among beak length treatments early in the laying period. Deaths from beak-inflicted injuries accumulated steadily from 18 wk until the study was ended at 40 wk. Cannibalistic deaths occurred less frequently in S as compared with C pullets within each beak treatment. As the amount of beak removal increased, beak-inflicted mortality decreased. The S pullets had earlier sexual maturity, lighter egg weights, and greater hen-housed egg production and egg mass than C pullets, and 1/2R pullets had greater egg production than 1/4R and IN pullets. Genetic stock by age and beak treatment by age interactions were present for hen-housed production and egg mass, and the interactions appeared to result primarily from increased mortality from cannibalistic pecking with increased age.