Periodontal Tissue Status in Patients with Newly-Diagnosed and Treated Type 2 Diabetes - Comparative Analysis

Background. The relationship between periodontitis and general diseases has been studied for ages. Nowadays the most documented is bilateral correlation of periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. It is well known that the longer diabetes lasts, the more severe periodontal tissues status is presented. Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare several periodontal parameters in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes type 2 and patients treated because of diabetes type 2 in order to assess differences in severity and progress of the periodontal disease. Material and Methods. The study was performed in two groups of patients. Group of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes consisted of 108 people, and with patients with long-lasting, treated diabetes consisted of 84 people. Patients were treated in Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Interior in Warsaw, Poland. Basic periodontal parameters were assessed - plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Patients were then qualified according to Offenbacher scale. Fast glycaemic level and glycosylated hemoglobin level were also assessed. Results. The BOP index was significantly lower (p = 0.0007) in patients with long - lasting diabetes than in those with newly - identified disease. No relationship between the level of HbA1c and periodontal parameters in patients with early onset diabetes was observed, however in the group of patients treated there was a significant correlation of the PD with the control of diabetes, measured by the HbA1c level. Conclusions. Periodontal tissue inflammation, expressed by the BOP parameter level, was more severe in patients with newly - diagnosed diabetes. However, the status of periodontal tissues was less advanced and no correlation with HbA1c or fast glycaemic level was observed. The results shown confirm thesis that properly treated diabetes results in the improvement of periodontal tissue status and that the long - lasting disease has a cumulative effect on periodontal tissues