Arocera Spinola contains two subgenera, the nominate subgenus and Euopta Stal. Diagnoses are provided for Arocera, Euopta, and all previously described species. Two new species are described: A. (Euopta) variegata from Argentina and A. (Euopta) sexpunctata from Ecuador. Arocera apta (Walker) and A. melanopyga (Stal) are resurrected from the synonymy of A. spectabilis (Drury), A. placens (Walker) is resurrected from the synonymy of A. nigrorubra (Dallas), A. aequinoxialis (Westwood) is resurrected from the synonymy of A. acroleuca (Perty), and A. repleta is resurrected from the synonymy of A. elongata and placed as a subspecies of that species. Arocera affinis Distant, 1880, A. protea Distant, 1880, A. altivola Distant, 1893, A. chiriquensis Distant, 1893, and A. contralineata Piran, 1955 are all removed from the synonymy of A. nigrorubra (Dallas, 1851) and are placed as new synonyms of A. placens (Walker, 1867). Arocera patibulata Distant, 1880 and A. jalapensis Distant, 1893 are both removed from the synonymy of A. spectabilis (Drury, 1782) and are also placed as new synonyms of A. placens. Arocera crucigera Haglund, 1868 and A. schumanni Distant, 1890 are both removed from the synonymy of A. spectabilis; A. crucigera is placed as a new synonym of A. apta (Walker, 1867), and A. schumanni is placed as a new synonym of A. melanopyga (Stal, 1858). Lectotypes are designated for A. affinis, A. schumanni, Pentatoma aequinoxialis, Strachia apta, and S. nigrorubra. A key is provided to aid in the identification of species of Arocera.