NARCOTICS AND LOCAL-ANESTHETICS

被引：13
|
作者：
KAMERLING, SG
机构：
[1] Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
来源：
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-EQUINE PRACTICE | 1993年 / 9卷 / 03期
关键词：
D O I：
10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30388-7
中图分类号：
S85 [动物医学（兽医学）];
学科分类号：
0906 ;
摘要：
Acute and chronic pain and suffering in animals is associated with specific behaviors or behavioral changes. Once recognized, pain can be alleviated by the use of systemic opioids or local anesthetics. New kappa receptor opioids have been developed that produce analgesia with fewer adverse excitory and cardiovascular effects in the horse than classical morphine-type narcotic analgesics. Procaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine have been widely used and their effects have been studied objectively in performance horses. © 1993 W.B. Saunders Company
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页码：605 / 620
页数：16
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