X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND LOW-TEMPERATURE FORMS OF ZIRCONIUM TITANATE

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were measured for the high-temperature forms (quenched from 1500-degrees-C) of zirconium titanate and its solid solutions, the low-temperature forms (quenched from 1000-degrees-C), and cubic Ba(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3. Two distinct differences in the XPS spectra were noted between the high- and low-temperature forms. The O 1s spectrum of the high-temperature form consisted of two peaks of nearly equal intensities with a spacing of 2.2 eV, which was larger than the corresponding spacing of 1.6 eV for Ba(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3, while the spectrum of the low-temperature forms was almost a single peak. The high-temperature form had an unassignable spectrum with a binding energy of 25 eV between the peaks of Zr 4p and O 2s. The unassignable spectrum could be a molecular orbital which had been hypothesized to form in these compounds.