Institution Based Prospective Cross-Sectional Study on Patterns of Neonatal Morbidity at Gondar University Hospital Neonatal Unit, North-West Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Every year, millions of babies are born and a large proportion of them are being admitted to hospital for various indications. This study was conducted to identify the general characteristics, disease spectrum and common causes of Neonatal morbidity and mortality at Gondar University Hospital, Neonatal Unit. METHODS: Institution based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Gondar University Hospital (GUH), Neonatal Unit, from January 1st to March 31st, 2014. The study included 325 newborns who were admitted to the unit during the study period. The neonates were followed up using structured checklist and neonatal parameters like Neonatal sex, place of delivery, address, length of stay, gestational age, diagnosis and discharge conditions were transcribed into an electronic database for all observations. The primary outcome measures were death and cause of death. RESULTS: A total of 325 neonates were admitted during the study period. Of these, 75.1%, 23.1%, 1.2% and 0.6% were discharged improved, died, discharged with same condition and disappeared, respectively. Ten variables were found to have significant statistical associations with neonatal mortality after adjusting for demographic covariates: Prematurity (p < 0.001), Meningitis (p < 0.001), Hemorrhagic Diseases (P < 0.001), Hyaline Membrane Disease (P<0.001), Neonatal Sepsis (p < 0.05), Meningitis (< 0.05), Perinatal Asphyxia (p < 0.05), Neonatal Seizure (p < 0.05), Home delivery (p < 0.05) and Meconium Aspiration (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the common causes of neonatal mortality are almost similar with the previous evidences (problems of prematurity, Asphyxia and Sepsis).