Wheat is a leading poaceae grain crop of the South of Russia. The value of wheat is that it contains gluten, which is essential for bread and bakery products, pasta, but its yield remains at the level of 2.5-3.0 t/ha, although its potential is much higher. One of the reasons lies in the inefficient use of recommendations on energy-saving technologies with the introduction of calculated norms of fertilizers and increased requirements for the selection of recommended or regionalized complex-resistant crop varieties with high potential productivity, product quality, the ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions and efficiency to use soil and climatic resources in the region. High-quality grain production is the basis of agricultural policy of our country. The level of grain production currently does not meet the country's needs in providing with high-quality environmentally-friendly food grain. Opportunities to improve the structure of areas under wheat are reduced from year to year. In this regard, the increase in the gross grain harvest is possible by increasing the productivity of crops. Modern science and best practices in the European countries show that the rational use of land, the use of advanced technology improve soil fertility and productivity of crops, respectively [1,2]. Improvement of the highly efficient technological methods for flat lands of Dagestan which can ensure the preservation and improvement of soil fertility and on this basis the product quality while reducing energy and economic cost is an actual problem of modern agricultural production. Winter wheat occupies a leading position in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Dagestan, so increasing its yield and production of environmentally-friendly products, based on the rational use of mineral fertilizers is closely linked with the development of fertilizer systems. The introduction of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers into the soil balances the productivity of winter wheat at a high level. Land resources of Dagestan diverse in agro-climatic and soil resources, which affects the productivity of winter wheat. The need for a precise definition of the of mineral nutrition norms for winter wheat in the conditions of the flat zone of Dagestan determines its relevance and national economic importance. Based on the above-mentioned, the main objective of agricultural producers in the production of grain is high yields of high quality products while ensuring the oil fertility, and excluding the negative impact on the environment. Compensate the removal of nutrients is possible through the application of mineral fertilizers, and the latter is reflected on the quality of the grain. In our paper, we present the results of research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat. In particular, we have studied the effect of mineral fertilizers rates on the dynamics of the protein content, wet gluten and nitrates in the winter wheat grain [8,11,12].
