Dyslipidemia: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Type 1 Diabetes and Its Correlations

Background: The prevalence of T1DM is increasing markedly. It is suggested that it will be an epidemic of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) by 2025. T1DM is a major risk factor for CVD. The mortality and morbidity of CVD are markedly increased in diabetic individuals compared with the non-diabetic population Dyslipidemia is a preventable cause of CVD. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of dyslipidemia in Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 DM (T1DM), to study the correlations between different lipid parameters and different variables in the study, in addition to estimate the predictable cardiovascular risk in the study group through calculation of different lipoprotein risk ratios as predictive values of cardiovascular risk. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, fasting lipid profile was done for sixty patients with T1DM (34 males and 26 females, with a mean age of 12.5 +/- 2.4 years) and different lipid parameters were correlated to different variables. Results: The most common abnormality was high LDL-C either alone or in combination with other parameters (50%). Regarding LDL-C of the patients, there was a positive significant correlation with their BMI (p=0.039, r=0.268) while the correlation with WC was of borderline significance (p=0.061, r=0.243). There was a significant positive correlation between WC and the insulin dosage, BMI and BMI SDS and a positive significant correlation between TG and the age (p=0.048, r=0.256). There were 46.2% of the dyslipidemic patients at risk of developing CVD according to TC/HDL-C ratio (Castelli index I) and 20.5% according to LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (Castelli index II). Conclusion: The most common abnormality was high LDL-C (50%). There was a positive correlation between LDL-C and BMI and WC. The risk for developing CVD was 46.2% according to TC/HDL-C ratio (Castelli index I) and 20.5% according to LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (Castelli index II).