Proposing intelligent alternative propulsion concepts contributing to higher CO2 savings with first generation biofuels

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how opting for multiple contributors to the lowC economy and introducing new intelligent solutions allows a smooth transition to renewable fuels. Undoubtedly, biofuels are no longer everybody's darling. This is partly owed to the need to produce bio fuels at the lowest possible price and absent sustainability regulations or their enforcement like the European parliament initiated by banning bio fuels with not sufficient evidence of saving CO2. But on the other hand, the end of cheap oil is clearly visible and it is clear that second generation lowC fuels may by no means be able to replace all of the worlds growing fuel consumption in a few years. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents a tri-fold approach which has originated of two EU-projects (SUGRE and RECODRIVE) based on reduction of the propulsion demand, intelligent powertrain configuration and the use of residues and waste as feedstock. The RECODRIVE approach tested in the European project with the same name introduces a quality management in fleet management which comprises procurement, driving and maintenance. This approach comprising also logistics should be able to reduce the propulsion demand at least by 10 per cent targeting 30 per cent and more. Findings - Hybrid power trains are regenerating the braking energy and are reducing the propulsion demand by 15-25 per cent in stop'n go traffic in cities. Parallel or power split hybrids may operate with phlegmatized and thus more efficient combustion engines, but serial hybrid electric power trains drive this characteristics, the extreme which is helpful introducing alternative fuels. They decouple the production of energy from the throttle command and allow for a more steady operation of the internal combustion engine. Practical implications - By employing a serial hybrid power train simpler low-RPM engines may be used which are modified to run on plant oils and other alternative fuels which are difficult to use in modern highly performing diesel engines. By reducing the propulsion demand, a higher share of alternative fuels based on natural feedstock may be achieved. This feedstock may be also amended by better utilising waste. The paper describes two examples. In Graz, used frying oil is collected to feed a transesterification plant and in Linko "ping waste from the meat industry is collected to produce biogas. Originality/value - The approach enables the transport sector to increase the independence on oil at short-term without the risk of putting a lot of venture capital in the wrong fuel or engine technology. The serial hybrid electric concept remains the basis for future solutions working on different end energy like hydrogen.