Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Lung Lesions

Background: The diagnosis of pulmonary lesions that are not bronchoscopically visible is a challenging process. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a new technology designed to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions. We sought to determine whether diagnostic yield from ENB was affected by bronchus sign, lesion location, or size. Methods: Data were obtained retrospectively from all patients undergoing ENB at our institution since 2008. ENB was performed by 3 separate proceduralists at our institution from November 2008 until July 2011 using the superDimension/InReach system. Patient selection and modalities of specimen collection were at the discretion of the proceduralist. All procedures were performed using general anesthesia and fluoroscopy. Lesion size, location, diagnosis from ENB, and eventual diagnosis were recorded. Results: Fifty-five individuals underwent ENB between 2008 and 2011. The average lesion size was 3.0 cm and the majority of lesions were located in the upper lobes (34/55 lesions). Of the 55 patients, in 41, a diagnosis was established from ENB, a diagnostic yield of 74.5%. Thirty-six patients were eventually diagnosed with a malignancy, of whom 25 were diagnosed by ENB, yielding a sensitivity for malignancy of 69.4%. The negative predictive value for malignancy with an ENB procedure was 54.2%. There were 2 cases of postprocedure respiratory failure, but there were no cases of pneumothorax. Bronchus sign, lesion size, and location did not affect the diagnostic yield. Conclusions: ENB shows an acceptable diagnostic yield with an excellent safety profile in the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. The use of fluoroscopy and general anesthesia may improve the diagnostic yield.