Prenatal screening for hepatitis B is now recommended as a universal practice in Canada. This study questions whether that policy should apply outside large urban centres. We studied women delivering babies at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Barrie, Ont. Of 1216 women, results of HBsAg screening were available for 716; only two women, both from a high-risk group, were HBsAg positive. If selective screening is used, physicians must question patients carefully to ensure that women at risk are identified and tested.