Teacher perceptions of empowerment and promotion during reforms

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between teachers' professional role, their sense of empowerment, and their attitudes toward managerial promotion (career development) following the implementation of educational forms. Design/methodology/approach - The study was conducted in Israel in 2015 and included 663 teachers, 250 elementary school teachers and 413 middle or high school teachers. A questionnaire and statistical analyses (ANOVA, multivariate analysis, and correlations) examined the attitudes of teachers in one of four professional roles toward managerial promotion (their desire for future promotion and sense of organizational fairness). This was compared with their sense of empowerment (comprising feeling respected, professional growth, influence, autonomy, self-efficacy, and decision making), while controlling for their demographic and professional backgrounds. Findings - Four-fifths of teachers were interested in pursuing managerial promotion and they perceived the promotion process as moderately fair. The greater teachers' sense of empowerment, the greater their desire for future promotion and their belief in the fairness of the promotional process. Teachers currently holding a leadership position expressed the strongest sense of empowerment. Practical implications - The study presents a multivariate model to predict teachers' attitudes tomanagerial promotion on the basis of their professional role and sense of empowerment. The findings have implications for educational policy-making, particularly where there is a national focus on increasing school autonomy. Originality/value - The findings will contribute to local and international research on teacher empowerment and career development.