CLIMATE CHANGE AND HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA - HEADING TOWARDS THE FUTURE

This paper first discusses anticipated climate change in the light of the hydrological 'forcing functions' resulting from the anticipated greenhouse effect, namely, changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, temperature and precipitation and their interrelationships within the hydrological system. Selected hydrologically related responses are then examined by way of examples from southern Africa. These include possible increased reservoir evaporation as well as simulated changes which could occur in runoff and to magnitudes of extreme stormflow events. In conclusion approaches towards research and selected research needs into water-related responses to the greenhouse effect are outlined, with special reference again being made to southern Africa.