Study of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Resistance among New Sputum Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients by Line Probe Assay in Bikaner

Introduction: An alarming increase in the global incidence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection has created a critical need for methods that can rapidly identify drug resistant cases, why isoniazid and rifampicin (RIF) so important, isoniazid is the most powerful Mycobactericidal drug available that ensures early sputum conversion and helps in decreasing the TB transmission. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with new sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli were enrolled for study and patient excluded with the following criteria, took TB treatment for >1 month, sputum negative pulmonary TB, age >12 years, all extra pulmonary TB cases, patients who could not participate actively. We used molecular based mechanism to detect of the drug resistant mycobacterium, Line probe assay. Statistical package for the social sciences version 10 was used to analyze the results with P < 0.05 taken as significant. Result: Among the 100 new sputum positive patients, one of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB, 12 are isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) mono resistant and none of the RIF mono resistant found in Bikaner, India. Our results also match with others previous studies, the prevalence of initial MDR was 1.1% in Bangalore (1980), 0.8% in Pondicherry (1985-1991), 0.9% in Jaipur (1989-1991), 1% in Pune (1992-1993), and many more study support our study and World Health Organization data of drug resistant. Conclusion: Prevalence of MDR-TB in new sputum positive patient 1%, INH monoresistance is 12%, no monoresistance found for RIF. The status of initial MDR-TB is low in Bikaner district, which reflects the success of directly observed treatment, short-course in effective treatment of drug-susceptible TB and preventing the emergence of drug resistance. Since MDR-TB is rare among new TB cases, all new cases of pulmonary TB can be treated with empirical Category I regimen.