THE COMBINED ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE - RISKS AND ADVERSE-EFFECTS IN PERSPECTIVE

被引：16

作者：

BAGSHAW, S

机构：

[1] Manager Medical Services, New Zealand Family Planning Association, Southern Region, Christchurch

来源：

DRUG SAFETY | 1995年 / 12卷 / 02期

关键词：

D O I：

10.2165/00002018-199512020-00002

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

The risks and adverse effects of the low dose, new generation progestogen combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are much lower than original studies involving pills containing 50 mu g estrogen. The main effects are those on the cardiovascular system, lipid and glucose metabolism and cancer. Any effect of the COC on myocardial infarction is probably minimal if the woman has no other risk factors especially smoking. The third generation progestogen, low dose COCs have very little effect on lipid or glucose metabolism. There may be a slight increase in breast cancer if COCs are used under the age of 25 years and for more than 4 to 8 years, and in the risk of cervical cancer. It is too early to estimate long term cancer effects of the newer COCs. Adverse effects such as nausea and breast tenderness can be managed by changing the estrogen dose or the type of progestogen. Overall, the clinical benefits of the COC probably outweigh the risks and adverse effects.

引用

页码：91 / 96

页数：6

共 15 条

[1]

Guillebaud J., The pill, (1984)

[2]

Bottiger L.E., Bowman G., Eklund G., Et al., Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease: effects of lowering oestrogen content, Lancet, 8178, (1980)

[3]

Lidegaafd O., Oral contraception and risk of a cerebral thromboembolic attack: results of a case-control study, BMJ, 306, (1993)

[4]

Incidence of arterial disease among oral contraceptive users, J R Coll Gen Pract, 33, pp. 75-82, (1983)

[5]

Thorogood M., Mann J., Murphy M., Et al., Is oral contraceptive use still associated with an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction? Report of a case-control study, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, (1991)

[6]

Drife J., Complications of combined oral contraception, Contraception: science and practice, pp. 39-51, (1989)

[7]

Godsland I., Crook D., Wynn V., Clinical and metabolic considerations of long-term oral contraceptive use, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 166, (1992)

[8]

Rushton L., Jones D., Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk: a metaanalysis of variations with age at diagnosis, parity and total duration of oral contraceptive use, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, (1992)

[9]

Vessey M., Oral contraception and cancer, Contraception: science and practice, pp. 51-68, (1989)

[10]

Combined oral contraceptives and liver cancer, Int J Cancer, 43, pp. 69-93, (1989)

← 1 2 →