Recognizing and Effectively Treating Gastroparesis

Gastroparesis (GP) is a chronic neuromuscular disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract that is characterized by a delay in gastric emptying that lessens the ability of the stomach to empty in the absence of an obstruction. GP can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Although the exact cause of GP is unknown, the three primary classifications are diabetic, postsurgical, and idiopathic. GP may be exacerbated by the use of certain pharmacologic agents, such as opioids. Pharmacists are in a pivotal position to identify agents that may delay gastric emptying in this patient population. To date, treatment options are limited but may include dietary modification, medications to accelerate gastric emptying, antiemetic agents, gastric electrical stimulation, and surgery.