MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF INTESTINAL POLYPS WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION - 2 YEARS OBSERVATIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF SOUTH INDIA

BACKGROUND Polyps of the intestine are common specimens and do not have symptoms unless they cause obstruction or bleed." There are many types of intestinal polyps. Among all polyps, most frequently occurring are adenomatous polyps. Adenomas are considered precursor lesions to invasive carcinoma. Colorectal cancer stands second to lung cancer as the most common cause of cancer mortality. The basic aim of management of patients with adenomatous polyps in the large bowel remains to prevent the development of cancer by detection and removal of precancerous lesions. The objective of this study is to classify intestinal polyps and identify prevalence of each morphologic type. To study the gross and histopathological features and to correlate with clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted for a period of two years in Department of Pathology. The material included 46 intestinal resections, 61 polypectomies and 53 mucosal biopsies. Collected data entered in MS-Exceland analysed using SPSS-16. RESULTS 160 intestinal polyps were studied during a period of two years. Neoplastic polyps (79%) were common than non-neoplastic polyps (21%). Among the neoplastic polyps, adenomatous polyps (81%) constitute majority of cases. Among the non-neoplastic polyps, juvenile polyps were common. Majority of cases of neoplastic polyps (55.6%) were in older age group, while majority of nonneoplastic polyps (73.5%) in younger age group. Male predominance was seen. Majority of polyps (86.8%) were in large intestine and most of them were pedunculated polyps (66.25%). Most frequent presenting complaints were bleeding per rectum. Among larger polyps, 91.5% of cases were neoplastic. CONCLUSION This study summarises various types of intestinal polyps. Adenomatous polyp presented the majority type and showed an increase in incidence in older age group. This shows that risk factor for development of adenomatous polyps and hence colorectal malignancy increases as age advances. Majority of adenomatous polyps were in distal part of large intestine. Distal predominance of adenomatous polyps support adenoma-carcinoma hypothesis. Adenomas with increased size (> = 1 cm) have a much higher malignant potential. The main purpose of screening is to detect such lesions before they become malignant. In younger children, most common polyps of the colon were juvenile polyp which is a non-neoplastic polyp.