Risk of Thromboembolic Disease With Cost Estimates in Patients Undergoing Robotic Assisted Surgery for Endometrial Cancer and Review of the Literature

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and estimated cost associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) following robotic surgery for endometrial cancer. Methods: The study included all consecutive patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer who underwent robotic surgery, excluding patients with a previous history of VTE (3%), those taking long-term warfarin (3%), and patients with conversions to laparotomy (3%). The incidence of postoperative symptomatic VTE within 90 days was analyzed. Direct and indirect medical costs were estimated using a linked billing database for standardized, inflation-adjusted costs. Results: A total of 558 cases were identified. Median BMI was 29 kg/m(2) (range, 17-85 kg/m(2)), median operative time was 227 minutes (range, 75-419 minutes), and median blood loss was 30 mL (range, 3-400 mL). All patients received thromboprophylaxis with intraoperative subcutaneous heparin and sequential pneumatic compression devices. Extended postoperative prophylaxis for 28 days was administered to 88 (17.2%) patients with high-risk factors. A total of eight patients (1.6%) developed symptomatic VTE, and all eight were in the group that did not receive extended prophylaxis. The number needed to treat to prevent one VTE was 52.8, with an absolute risk reduction 1.89% (95% CI 0.59% to 3.19%). The average cost for treatment of a VTE was $ 7653 (range, $ 4396-$ 12 211), equivalent to the cost of treating 21 patients with extended prophylaxis ($ 356 per patient). Conclusion: The incidence of VTE in patients with endometrial cancer who underwent robotic-assisted surgery was low (1.6%), and none of the VTEs occurred in the cohort of high-risk patients who received extended thromboprophylaxis.