Primary small cell carcinoma of kidney in a young female: A rare case report

Small cell carcinomas (SCCs) occur mainly in pulmonary tract while extrapulmonary SCCs (EPSCCs) are rare neoplasms comprising approximately 2.5% of all SCCs. A 23-year-old female presented with complaints of hematuria and a mass in right flank region. She had no other complaints. Examination of the patient revealed lump in the right lumbar region with no other remarkable findings. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a large heterogeneously enhancing necrotic mass involving the right entire kidney. A right radical nephrectomy was performed, and a histological examination revealed mass involving whole right kidney with capsular and lymphatic invasion along with small cell histology. The patient was given adjuvant chemotherapy of etoposide and carboplatin, every 3 weeks. The patient started complaining of bony pain after 1 month of operation, and bone scanning revealed of multiple osteoblastic lesions. Zoledronic acid (4 mg) had been started for bony metastasis. SCC of the kidney is a rare neoplasm of the elderly age group that has aggressive behavior with an increased tendency for locoregional and distant dissemination. Our patient represents the first case of SCC of the kidney to be reported in a young female.