INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE PROTEIN COMPLEX PRODUCTION OF THE WHEAT-GRAIN

Results of the seven year field experiments show that the protein production in the grain in connected with processes corresponding to nitrogen mobilization in soil, to its uptake and translocation to the positions where proteins are created. The variability of the protein content in the grain is more influenced by the agricultural-ecological conditions of the year seasons (v = 20.1 percent) than by the different levels of mineral nutrition (v = 6.65 percent). The protein synthetic continues even during the wax ripeness practically till the end of the harvest ripening in contrast to the dry matter production which is principally represented by starch. The experiments result in conclusions that the dry matter production anticipates the creation of the protein complex in the grain. This regularity confirmed by isotopic analyses N-15, points at the practical use how to increase the protein production by the nitrogen application in that plant vegetation stage when the grain is forming. The synthesis of glutenin proteins is the primary process when the grain is forming. The glutenin growth (prolamine and glutelin) exceeds the globulin production in the till seventeen times. Factors stimulating the protein production prefer the growth of gluten proteins. Application of N-15 documents that the foliar nitrogen application in the stage of the grain forming is reflected in the grain in 90 percent of applied nitrogen. The soil nitrogen earlier taken by plant and utilized for the protein production in the grain is equivalent to the nitrogen foliar applied