Peculiarities of Bone Regeneration in Cases of Bio-Oss (R) and Autological Bone Graft Use - Experimental Study

Background. Bone tissue regeneration remains one of the most important issues of maxillofacial surgery. Restoration of the native structure of bone after osteoplasty is directly related to the process of revascularization, because the growing of blood vessels into the graft is a precondition for transport of osteogenic cells, growth factors necessary for further osteogenesis. Objectives. To determine the peculiarities of bone tissue regeneration after osteoplasty with BioOss (R) and compare it with autological bone graft. Material and Methods. Experimental study was conducted on 60 white rats (males, aged 6- 8 month, weight 270- 380 g). The area of dorsal surface of the shinbone was used for implantation. After opening access to the bone surface, one 2 mm-diameter defect was formed on each shinbone. One of those bone defects was filled with osteoplastic material and the opposite was healing under a blood clot. After that the wound in soft tissues was closed in layer by layer. The osteocalcin level in blood serum was determined by ELISA employing N-MID Osteocalcin (R) ELISA (IDS) test system(enzyme immunological test for the quantitative measurement of osteocalcin). The peculiarities of revascularization were studied by histologic method. Histologic specimen were stained using Schmorl technique (thionine with phenol trinitrate) and natural hematoxylin-eosin. Results. Mean values of osteocalcin concentration after BioOss implantation ranged from 2 +/- 0.06 ng/mL to 3.65 +/- 0.09 ng/mL; after autological bone graft transplant - from 1.88 +/- 0.09 ng/mLto 2.2 +/- 0.09 ng/mL. In the case of Bio-Oss use, the most active revascularization processes and the highest level of osteocalcin were registered on day 60. In the case of autological bone graft use, the quantity of blood vessels increased steadily and equally during the whole period of the experiment. Conclusions. According to the obtained results, the use of autological bone graft and Bio-Oss osteoplastic material increases bone formation and revascularization activity and improves the bone structure unlike when healing took place under the blood clot