A cell free protein synthesizing system was established from alkalophilic Bacillus. Amino acid incorporation was dependent on ribosomes, supernatant, poly uridilic acid (poly U) and magnesium. The optimum pH for protein synthesis by poly U was about 0.5 higher than that of Bacillus subtilis. In protein synthesis directed by endogeneous mRNA, the optimum pH was also about 0.5 higher. The properties of ribosomes and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase were not remarkably different. A comparative study of alkalophilic Bacillus and B. subtilis showed that the protein synthesizing system of alkalophilic Bacillus was similar to that of mesophilic bacteria. © 1978 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.