During the last decades, the sociological approach to translation has attracted great attention in Translation Studies. This article analyzes the origin of such an interest, criticizing some presuppositions and suggesting several research axes. An examination of Pierre Bourdieu's work, highly influential for this sociological approach, is also presented, revealing its affinities and divergences with some research models in Translatology (Polysystem Studies, Descriptive Translation Studies). Finally, a broad revision is undertaken through the bibliography concerning sociological research on literary translation.During the last decades, the sociological approach to translation has attracted great attention in Translation Studies. This article analyzes the origin of such an interest, criticizing some presuppositions and suggesting several research axes. An examination of Pierre Bourdieu's work, highly influential for this sociological approach, is also presented, revealing its affinities and divergences with some research models in Translatology (Polysystem Studies, Descriptive Translation Studies). Finally, a broad revision is undertaken through the bibliography concerning sociological research on literary translation.