Using the Weighted Displacement Quotient To Explore Crime Displacement From Public Housing Redevelopment Sites

HOPE VI, a federal funding initiative begun in 1992, is designed to eradicate severely distressed public housing. The program implicitly recognized the importance of geography to its efforts, also aiming to improve conditions in areas surrounding sites targeted for improvement under HOPE VI. This article considers changes effected by HOPE VI redevelopment from the perspective of geography, examining the spatial movement of crime in and around five public housing sites in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Washington, D.C., throughout their redevelopment, using the Weighted Displacement Quotient (WDQ). The results from Milwaukee were mixed, with evidence of crime displacement provided by some of the WDQs. In Milwaukee, the redevelopment's reduction effects on crime grew with time and were stronger later in the study period. The results from Washington, D.C.' s Capitol Gateway and Capper/ Carrollsburg sites were much more consistent than those from Milwaukee, because the WDQs for different areas and time periods produced similar results, indicating a diffusion of benefits. Because of its simplicity, the WDQ should be attractive to practitioners who are studying the effects of this type of redevelopment, as long as the method is used with the understanding that the results are descriptive.